What the TM, (R) and (C) Symbols Mean

The small symbols that appear next to brand names and logos — TM, the R in a circle, and the C in a circle — carry specific meanings. Businesses often use them without being sure what they signify. This article explains each symbol and how it relates to intellectual property in Vietnam.

The TM and (R) symbols

These two symbols both relate to trademarks but indicate different statuses:

• TM signals that a sign is being used or claimed as a trademark. It does not require registration and simply puts others on notice that the owner treats the sign as a mark.
• The R in a circle indicates that the mark is registered. It should only be used for a mark that has actually been granted a certificate of registration in the relevant territory.

Using the registered symbol for a mark that is not registered can be misleading and should be avoided.

The (C) copyright symbol

The C in a circle is not a trademark symbol at all. It relates to copyright and is used to indicate a claim of copyright in a work, such as text, images or software. Copyright and trademarks are different forms of intellectual property protecting different things — copyright protects original works, while trademarks protect signs that distinguish goods and services.

Practical use in Vietnam

Vietnamese law protects registered trademarks regardless of whether a symbol is displayed, so using TM or the registered symbol is not a legal requirement. However, the symbols can be useful in practice to signal ownership and deter copying. Owners should make sure they use the registered symbol only where the mark is genuinely registered.

Frequently asked questions

Do I have to use these symbols in Vietnam?

No, using the symbols is optional and protection does not depend on displaying them, though they can serve a practical signalling purpose.

Can I use the registered symbol before registration is granted?

You should not use the registered symbol until the mark is actually registered, as using it prematurely can be misleading.

Is the (C) symbol the same as a trademark?

No, the copyright symbol relates to copyright in works, which is a separate form of protection from trademarks.

How LTV Law helps

LTV Law advises businesses on the correct use of intellectual property notices and on securing the underlying trademark and copyright protection — contact our team.

This article is for general information only and does not constitute legal advice.