Commercial Dispute Litigation in Vietnam

When arbitration is not chosen, commercial disputes are resolved in the Vietnamese courts. Foreign parties should understand the process, timing and limitation periods.

Jurisdiction and process

Commercial cases are heard by the People's Courts under the Civil Procedure Code. The process moves from filing and acceptance through evidence-gathering, mediation, first-instance trial and, where appealed, appellate review. Judgments are enforced through the civil-enforcement authority.

Limitation periods

Claims are subject to a statute of limitations — for many commercial disputes, generally two years from when the right holder knew or should have known of the infringement of its rights and interests. Missing the period can bar the claim, so act promptly.

What foreign parties should expect

Documents in a foreign language require certified Vietnamese translation, and foreign documents often need consular legalisation. Proceedings are conducted in Vietnamese. Careful preparation of evidence and translations is essential to an effective case.

Frequently asked questions

Which court hears commercial disputes?

The People's Courts, under the Civil Procedure Code, with first-instance and appellate levels.

Is there a time limit to sue?

Yes — commonly two years for many commercial disputes from when the party knew or should have known of the infringement.

What do foreign parties need to prepare?

Certified Vietnamese translations and, often, consular-legalised foreign documents.

How LTV Law helps

LTV Law represents foreign parties in commercial litigation and judgment enforcement. Contact our team.

This article is for general information only and does not constitute legal advice.